Selected references

This overview draws on the following primary and secondary sources.

Borel and early origins (1655–1663): Jha AK, et al. "Dermoscopy Saga – A Tale of 5 Centuries." Indian Journal of Dermatology 2021;66(2):174-178. PMC8208256. • Borel, Pierre. Entry in Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Encyclopedia.com.

Abbe, Unna, and the optics breakthrough (1878–1893): Journal of Integrative Dermatology. "Dermoscopy: Past and Present." 2024. doi:10.64550/joid.5e3h0388. • Dermoscopedia. "Principles of Dermoscopy." dermoscopedia.org.

Saphier and the naming of dermoscopy (1920–1921): Saphier J. "Die Dermatoskopie, I–IV. Mitteilung." Arch Dermatol Syph 1921.

MacKie and the melanoma breakthrough (1971): Shipman AR, Daunton A. "Professor Rona MacKie, Scottish dermatologist and melanoma authority." Int J Women's Dermatol 2016;2(4):145-148. PMC5419754.

Pehamberger and pattern analysis (1987): Pehamberger H, Steiner A, Wolff K. "In vivo epiluminescence microscopy of pigmented skin lesions. I. Pattern analysis." J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;17(4):571–583.

The 1989 Consensus Conference and the Delta 10: Bahmer FA, et al. "Terminology in surface microscopy." J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;23:1159–62. • Stolz W, Braun-Falco O, et al. "Skin surface microscopy." Lancet 1989;2:864–865.

The ABCD rule (1994): Nachbar F, Stolz W, et al. "The ABCD rule of dermatoscopy." J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;30:551–559.

Diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis: Kittler H, Pehamberger H, Wolff K, Binder M. "Diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy." Lancet Oncol 2002;3:159–165.

Vascular structures and the contact problem: Marghoob AA, Braun RP, Kopf AW. Atlas of Dermoscopy (2nd ed.), Taylor & Francis, 2012.

The DermLite and polarised dermoscopy (2001): DermLite / 3Gen. Company history. dermlite.com/pages/who-we-are.

FotoFinder acquisition (2024): DermLite company page; corroborated by industry press coverage.